ABSTRACT
An eight-year-old Maltese dog presented with diarrhea and anorexia. Ultrasonography revealed marked focal wall thickening with loss of layering in the distal ileum. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed a preserved wall layer with hypoattenuating middle wall thickening. In some segments of the lesion, small nodules protruding toward the mesentery from the outer layer were observed. Histopathology revealed focal lipogranulomatous lymphangitis (FLL) with lymphangiectasia. This is the first report to describe the CT features of FLL in a dog. CT features of preserved wall layers with hypoattenuating middle wall thickening and small nodules can assist in diagnosing FLL in dogs.
ABSTRACT
A 5-year-old Labrador Retriever presented with a subcutaneous mass on the right scapular region with localized calor. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a heterogeneously hypointense mass was seen on T1-weighted images (WI) and hyperintense on T2WI and fat-suppressed T2WI with marginal contrast enhancement on postcontrast T1WI and invasion into the surrounding tissue. Histopathological examination of the mass confirmed subcutaneous mast cell tumor (MCT) infiltrating to the adjacent subcutaneous fat. This is the first report to describe the MRI findings of subcutaneous MCT in veterinary medicine. This study suggests that MRI may help evaluate the extent of invasion of subcutaneous MCT.
ABSTRACT
A male mixed-breed dog of unknown age was presented with a history of bloody diarrhea and cachexia. Toxocara canis in vomitus was identified by a parasitologist. Hematology revealed low hematocrit, eosinophilia, and low albumin. Computed tomography (CT) revealed an enlarged pulmonary artery with an irregular wall, micronodules in the lung, and vicarious excretion of contrast medium to small intestine. CT scan was helpful for identifying lung lesions and the central organs of larval migration and also show vicarious excretion of contrast medium to the small intestine in T. canis infection.
ABSTRACT
A 12-year-old, castrated male, mixed dog presented with a history of gradual abdominal distention for a year and anorexia recently, with abdominal radiographs showing a gastric pylorus distention. A solitary, pedunculated, heterogeneous mass arising from the mucosal layer in the pylorus with intact wall layers was identified during ultrasound and computed tomography. The gastric muscular layer was evenly thick. After surgical excision of the mass, histological examination confirmed hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy with polypoid growth and Helicobacter spp. infiltrating the gastric mucosal epithelium. This is the first reported diagnostic imaging case of hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy with Helicobacter spp. in a dog.
ABSTRACT
Background@#The normal vertebral anatomy of Korean raccoon dogs and their variants require research attention as a prerequisite for identifying pathologies and anomalies. @*Objectives@#This retrospective study aimed at describing the vertebral formula and congenital vertebral anomalies in Korean raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis). @*Methods@#Radiographs of 82 raccoon dogs (42 males, 40 females) acquired from May 2013 to June 2020 in the Gangwon Wildlife Medical Rescue Center were reviewed to evaluate the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae of the spine. @*Results@#Normal morphology of all vertebrae was observed in 50 of the 82 raccoon dogs, and the vertebral formula was cervical 7, thoracic 13, and lumbar 7. Congenital vertebral anomalies were found in 32 raccoon dogs: transitional vertebrae (TV) in 31 and block vertebrae in 2. Two raccoon dogs had 2 types of vertebral anomalies: one had TV and block vertebra, and the other had 2 types of TV. Twenty-nine raccoon dogs had thoracolumbar TV (TTV) and 3 had lumbosacral TV. TTV was morphologically classified into 4 different types:unilateral extra-rib in 5 raccoon dogs, bilateral extra-ribs in 14, bilateral elongated transverse processes in 4, and an asymmetric mixed formation of extra-rib with elongated transverse process in 6. @*Conclusions@#This study showed that TTV is common in Korean raccoon dogs, and that the vertebral formula is relatively diverse. The bilateral extra-ribs type TTV is the most common variant, which is almost similar to normal rib to be confused the radiographic evaluation.
ABSTRACT
Background@#The normal vertebral anatomy of Korean raccoon dogs and their variants require research attention as a prerequisite for identifying pathologies and anomalies. @*Objectives@#This retrospective study aimed at describing the vertebral formula and congenital vertebral anomalies in Korean raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis). @*Methods@#Radiographs of 82 raccoon dogs (42 males, 40 females) acquired from May 2013 to June 2020 in the Gangwon Wildlife Medical Rescue Center were reviewed to evaluate the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae of the spine. @*Results@#Normal morphology of all vertebrae was observed in 50 of the 82 raccoon dogs, and the vertebral formula was cervical 7, thoracic 13, and lumbar 7. Congenital vertebral anomalies were found in 32 raccoon dogs: transitional vertebrae (TV) in 31 and block vertebrae in 2. Two raccoon dogs had 2 types of vertebral anomalies: one had TV and block vertebra, and the other had 2 types of TV. Twenty-nine raccoon dogs had thoracolumbar TV (TTV) and 3 had lumbosacral TV. TTV was morphologically classified into 4 different types:unilateral extra-rib in 5 raccoon dogs, bilateral extra-ribs in 14, bilateral elongated transverse processes in 4, and an asymmetric mixed formation of extra-rib with elongated transverse process in 6. @*Conclusions@#This study showed that TTV is common in Korean raccoon dogs, and that the vertebral formula is relatively diverse. The bilateral extra-ribs type TTV is the most common variant, which is almost similar to normal rib to be confused the radiographic evaluation.
ABSTRACT
A 12-year-old, castrated male, mixed dog presented with a history of gradual abdominal distention for a year and anorexia recently, with abdominal radiographs showing a gastric pylorus distention. A solitary, pedunculated, heterogeneous mass arising from the mucosal layer in the pylorus with intact wall layers was identified during ultrasound and computed tomography. The gastric muscular layer was evenly thick. After surgical excision of the mass, histological examination confirmed hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy with polypoid growth and Helicobacter spp. infiltrating the gastric mucosal epithelium. This is the first reported diagnostic imaging case of hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy with Helicobacter spp. in a dog.
ABSTRACT
Abstract: A 16-year-old cat presented with a 2-week history of anorexia and lethargy. Radiography revealed a soft-tissue opacity, heart-shaped mass between the descending colon and urinary bladder. Ultrasonography showed a large uterine body with a heterogeneously hypoechoic, thickened wall and hypoechoic intraluminal fluid. Computed tomography revealed a large, fluid-filled uterine mass with contrast enhancement, without evidence of regional lymph node or pulmonary metastasis. Ovariohysterectomy was performed and leiomyosarcoma was confirmed by histology. No notable abnormalities were observed during the 1-year postoperative follow-up periods. This report describes the diagnostic imaging and treatment of a rare case of feline uterine leiomyosarcoma.
ABSTRACT
Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence used for evaluating traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although SWI is being increasingly used in veterinary medicine, there are no systematic studies regarding its use. We aimed to evaluate TBI lesions by using conventional MRI and SWI in 11 dogs and determine the correlation between clinical status and conventional MRI or SWI findings. The modified Glasgow coma scale (MGCS) at presentation and a previously used MRI grading system (MRGr; grades 1–6) were used to evaluate the brain lesions, and correlations between MGCS score and each MRGr were assessed. Conventional MRI revealed 23 lesions in 11 dogs with variable MGCS scores (range: 11–17). SWI showed comparable findings for all of the lesions except for subdural hemorrhage, and it revealed additional lesions in four dogs. The median MRGr was 2 on both conventional MRI and SWI. The MRGr of the conventional MRI assessments and the MGCS scores showed a significant negative correlation (r = −0.685). In conclusion, SWI had better TBI lesion-detection ability, but conventional MRI had a better correlation with early clinical status and subdural hemorrhage. Thus, a combination of conventional MRI and SWI examinations can improve TBI diagnosis in dogs.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Brain , Brain Injuries , Diagnosis , Glasgow Coma Scale , Hematoma, Subdural , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Veterinary MedicineABSTRACT
This study describes magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results and changes in lateral ventricular size over time in a canine ischemic stroke model. T1- and T2-weighted (T1W, T2W) imaging and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence MRI were performed at 3 h and 3, 8, and 35 days after brain infarct induction. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping were performed at 8 and 35 days. A total of 29 brain lesions were induced successfully in 12 of 14 beagle dogs. At 3 h, T2W and FLAIR detected hyperintense lesions in three randomly selected dogs. On T1W, all lesions appeared hypointense to isointense at 3 h, isointense (18/29) or hypointense (11/29) at 3 days, hypointense to isointense with peripheral hyperintensity (24/26) at 8 days, and hypointense (18/26) at 35 days. Infarcts on DWI/ADC were hypointense to isointense centrally, with the periphery hyperintense/hyperintense (17/26) at 8 days and hypointense/hyperintense (19/26) at 35 days. A marked increase in lateral ventricular size was observed in dogs with cerebral infarcts. In conclusion, T2W and FLAIR were useful for detecting early stage (3 h to 3 days) brain infarction. T1W and DWI were useful for detecting neuronal necrosis and providing supplemental information for phase evaluation.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Brain Infarction , Brain , Diffusion , Lateral Ventricles , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Necrosis , Neurons , StrokeABSTRACT
This study was conducted to measure the difference in levels of cerebral metabolites in the right and left hemispheres, gray (GM) and white matter (WM), imaging planes, and anatomical regions of healthy dogs to establish normal variations. Eight male Beagle dogs (1 to 4 years of age; mean age, 2 years) with no evidence of neurologic disease were studied. Using the multi-voxel technique on a 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scanner, metabolite values (N-acetyl aspartate [NAA], choline [Cho], creatine [Cr]) were obtained from the frontoparietal WM, parietal GM, temporal GM, occipital GM, thalamus, cerebellum, mid-brain, and pons. There was no significant difference in levels of these metabolites between the right and left in any locations or between the GM and WM in the cerebral hemispheres. However, there were significant differences in metabolite ratios within imaging planes. The NAA/Cr was lower in the cerebellum than other regions and the thalamus had a higher Cho/Cr and lower NAA/Cho ratio than in other regions. The spectral and metabolic values will provide a useful internal reference for clinical practice and research involving multi-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Measurement of metabolite values in the transverse plane is recommended for comparing levels of regional metabolites.